Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a common treatment for infertility. It involves the deposition of a good number of highly motile and morphologically normal sperms in the uterus near the fundus at the anticipated time of ovulation, bypassing factors which depend upon deposition of sperms in vagina and transport through the cervical mucus to the upper genital tract. This procedure is used for couples with unexplained infertility, minimal male factor infertility and women with cervical mucus problems. Despite its popularity, the effectiveness of IUI treatment is not consistent. Therefore, in spite of the fact that many a times the treatment is empirical, appropriate patient selection is very important and a complete work-up is required before taking up the patient for IUI. Patients should be counseled about the procedure involved, success rates, other options and risks associated.