Intrauterine insemination (IUI), a commonly performed procedure in the treatment of infertility, is one of the easiest and safe procedures as it is the least invasive method for assisted reproduction. In most women, complications of IUI are rare; however, they can sometimes occur, which may be directly or indirectly related to the procedure. These could be due to ovarian stimulation like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), multiple pregnancies or due to the insemination procedure like pain, infections, trauma and bleeding, etc. Other complications that may rarely occur include abortion, ectopic pregnancy and accidental insemination with the wrong sample. Of these, OHSS is an iatrogenic and one of the most dreaded complications associated with ovarian stimulation. It is associated with a wide-spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms, ovarian enlargement, fluid shift from intravascular to extravascular compartment and changes in biochemical parameters.