Published in IJCP March 2019
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Evaluation of Perinatal Outcome by Antenatal CTG and Umbilical Artery Doppler in Pre-eclamptic Mothers
March 11, 2019 | Barunoday Chakraborty, Tamal Kumar Mondal, Sannyasi Charan Barman, Biswa Pratim Rudra, Ramkrishna Sahana, Prabhat Chandra Mondal
Obstetrics and Gynecology
     


This was a well-controlled hospital-based longitudinal prospective randomized study with sole focus on pre-eclampsia cases, where cardiotocography (CTG) and colored Doppler were the two special investigative tools applied to examine the perinatal outcome. The study concluded with a note that antenatal CTG is a useful objective test to know the intrauterine fetal status but it cannot forecast the fetal behavior during labor, neither does it provide a guide to optimize the timing of induction of labor (IOL) or termination by cesarean section. Color Doppler indices done after 34 weeks definitely give a qualitative assessment of fetoplacental perfusion but they cannot predict the said perfusion during labor - when there occurs a degree of compromise with the uterus contracting repetitively. Ultrasonography (USG) for fetal biometry and liquor volume is a good test to determine small for gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), as the case may be, taking cognizance of other factors e.g., pre-eclampsia, fetal congenital anomaly, etc. Every mother with pre-eclampsia needs to be evaluated clinically, biochemically and ultrasonologically. Understanding the limitation of antenatal CTG and color Doppler indices, these should be applied in a few selected cases e.g., increased fetal movement, IUGR, which is reassuring to both the patient and the doctor who can wait till a reasonable degree of fetal maturity occurs before one goes for IOL or a cesarean section. Patients with a suspicious CTG should undergo continuous CTG during labor; otherwise there is always a tendency to go for an early lowersegment cesarean section (LSCS). For a pre-eclamptic mother with a pathological CTG the decision is an elective LSCS; whereas, in cases with pathological CTG but normal Doppler indices, the judgment is too difficult. The answer then would depend on factors like whether the pre-eclampsia is controlled and whether the biochemical and hematological parameters are within normal limits. Of course, thanks to the presence of a special newborn care unit (SNCU) nearby.