Protein supplements are commonly used by athletes and fitness enthusiasts to support muscle growth and recovery¹. However, there is growing interest in the potential role of protein supplements in diabetes management. Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, and the use of protein supplements may offer several benefits for diabetes patients.

Protein is an essential macronutrient that takes longer to digest in comparison to sugar and processed carbohydrates. Protein is important for maintaining muscle mass, regulating blood sugar levels, and promoting satiety. Studies have shown that protein supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes².

One study found that supplementing with whey protein improved glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing insulin resistance³.

Another study found that protein supplementation, when combined with resistance exercise, improved glycemic control and reduced insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings of the study suggested that protein supplementation can enhance muscle protein synthesis and reduce muscle breakdown, leading to improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake^4,5.

OTHER ROLES OF PROTEIN IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT⁶

Improve Lipid Profile

Due to long-standing diabetes, dyslipidemia could be certainly possible. Good biological protein intake helps in maintaining a healthy lipid profile.

Supported Development of Lean Body Mass

Protein intake along with healthy carbohydrate intake helps in building more lean body mass, thus reducing overall fat percentage.

Bolsters Overall Immunity

Being building blocks of the body, proteins are essential in upgrading overall immune response. In case of diabetes, in most cases the immune response is sacrificed as diabetes is a metabolic disorder, which can cause strain on almost every human organ.

In overweight diabetes patients, a high on protein diet can help in weight loss due to the following effects⁷:

·  Appetite control.

·  Metabolic boost – Protein burns more kilojoule and prevents the slowing of metabolism that can help in weight loss.

·  Reduce food cravings – As a high-protein meal leaves an individual satiated, it can reduce the night-time craving.

·  Improved body composition – Protein diet helps in increasing the rate of fat loss.

·  Reduced energy intake – Increasing the amount of protein in meals can have a significant impact on energy intake, which can help in weight loss.

However, it is important to note that not all protein supplements are created equal. Some supplements may contain added sugars, artificial flavors, and other ingredients that may negatively impact blood sugar control⁸.

AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION (ADA) GUIDELINES FOR PROTEIN INTAKE^9,10

Although, diabetes patients should consume sufficient protein to manage their blood sugar levels, they should also be mindful of their overall protein intake. As high protein intake and hyperglycemia can increase the glomerular filtration rate and the work load of the kidney.

It has been seen that one-third of the people with insulin-dependent diabetes and one-fifth of people with noninsulin-dependent diabetes develop nephropathy within 15 years of diagnosis.

·  According to the recommendations of ADA, diabetes patients aim for a balanced diet that includes 10% to 20% of calories from protein.

·  A dietary intake of between 12% and 20% protein provides flexibility in food selection but exceeds actual needs.

·  The adult Recommended Dietary Allowance of 0.8 g/kg body weight should provide guidance for determining desired protein intake for individuals with diabetes.

IMPORTANT TIPS TO REMEMBER BEFORE INCLUDING PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN DIABETES CARE

·  Check with physician to determine the need of a special protein powder or some other supplements.

·  Have a look at the key ingredients to avoid including any allergy causing component in the diet.

·  Ascertain nutrition preferences of the individual to find the best option for special diabetic needs.

·  Protein can help in weight loss only when they are used to replace carbohydrates and fats¹⁰.

·  Protein should not replace fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods, as these provide fiber¹⁰.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, protein supplements may offer potential benefits for diabetes management, such as improving insulin sensitivity and glucose control. However, it is important to choose supplements carefully and consult with a health care provider before adding them to the diet.

Additionally, diabetes patients should be mindful of their overall protein intake and aim for a balanced diet to manage their condition effectively. With the right approach, protein supplements may be a useful tool for diabetes patients to support their overall health and well-being.

REFERENCES

1. Hartman JW, Tang JE, Wilkinson SB, Tarnopolsky MA, Lawrence RL, Fullerton AV, et al. Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):373-81.
2. Campbell AP, Rains TM. Dietary protein is important in the practical management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2015;145(1):164S-169S.
3. Malin SK, Haus JM, Solomon TP, Blaszczak A, Kashyap SR, Kirwan JP. Insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility following exercise training among different obese insulinresistant phenotypes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;305(10):E1292-8.
4. Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, et al. Protein coingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(3):735-40.
5. Phillips SM. Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes. Br J Nutr. 2012;108 Suppl 2:S158-67.
6. Importance of proteins in diabetes management. (n.d.). Available from: https://grdprotein.in/blogdetail/importance-of-proteins-in-diabetes-management
7. Rebeccah. The importance of protein in our diet. Simply Health & Wellness. Published December 16, 2020. Available from: https://simplyhealthandwellness.com.au/the-importance-of-protein-in-our-diet/
8. Marengo K, Ware M. Are protein shakes okay for people with diabetes? September 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313553#proteinand-diabetes
9. American Diabetes Association; Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008;31 Suppl 1:S61-78.
10. Wylie-Rosett J. Evaluation of protein in dietary management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1988;11(2):143-8.